Two Factor Theory of Intelligence // Group Factor Theory//

  Two Factor Theory of Intelligence


Charles Spearman - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
Charles Spearman




This theory is propounded by Britain psychologist Charles Spearman in 1904 based on Factor Analysis Technology. This theory is also know as “Eclectic Factor Theory”

According to Charles Spearman's Intelligence abilities of a person can be divided into two factors:

1. General Factor (G-factor)


a.     It is innate.

b.    It is constant.

c.      It is Universal.

d.    It cannot be modified by learning. 

e.     It is not based on passed experiences.

f.       It is differ from individual to individual.

g.     No cognitive activities can be performed without its involvement

h.    It is involve in all activities and also accounts for its success.

 

2. Specific factor (s-factor)


a.     It is not innate.

b.    It varies.

c.      It is not universal.

d.    It can be modify by learning.

e.     It is based on the passed experiences.

f.       It is also differ from individual to individual.

g.     Its not necessary in the performance of cognitive aspects.

h.    Success of an individual depends upon the amount of s-factors.

i.       It varies from activity to activity in the same individual.


Thus, Intelligence = G+S1+S2+S3+…………………….Sn.

Charles Spearman - Development Across a Lifespan
Two Factor Theory


He also suggest a new factor termed as  “Group Factor “  and his “Two Factor Theory “ changes as  “Three Factor Theory”.

Note : A person can have more than one specific factor/quality/character (s) but all these will be followed by Genetic character/factor (g).

Example- Mohan is a very good student of mathematics as well as he is expert in  playing  guitar.In this example Mohan is having two specific factors ( good at mathematics and playing guitar ) but these all specific character/factor  is followed by Genetic factor (g).




Group Factor Theory

 L. Thrustone is a famous American Psychologist, who propounded  “Group Factor Theory” in 1938 with the help of Factor Analysis Theory.

Thurstone concluded Seven Primary Factors of mental abilities or Primary Mental Abilities. These are –

1.    Verbal : it is the abilities to get knowledge of meaning and relationship among the words(.

2.    Numerical : numerical abilities or ability of understand mathematics.

3.    Spatial : visualization or related to imagination.

4.    Perception : considering own ideas from various conditions

5.    Word Fluency : Person’s abilities to think an use many isolated words rapidly

6.    Inductive reasoning : to provide reasons behind or logic .

7.    Memory : recall and retention.

 

All the factor work together and they are depending on each other .

 


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